1. Proteins are produced through transcription and translation. Transcription is the process where genes are copied by enzymes, resulting in mRNA or messenger RNA. After leaving the nucleus, it travels to the cytoplasm for translation. The ribosomes reads off the RNA in sets of three bases, or codons. The codons correlate with an amino acid. The amino acids bond together, and the translated version is folded up into a protein.
2. A substitution is a type of mutation that changes one base for another. These are the least damaging because it only effects that one base and the codon. Frameshift mutations are deletion or insertions of a base in a sequence. For example, an insertion to ACG would be ACCG. A deletion to ACG would be AC. They cause the greatest damage because they alter the entire sequence after it. Furthermore, frameshift mutations in the beginning of the sequence are the most fatal because they alter more of the sequence than later mutations.
3. I chose the insertion as my mutation because it's a frameshift mutation, and I stated before, I believe those are the most fatal. The earlier the mutation is in the sequence, the more damaging. The only exception is that if the mutation affects the stop codon.
.jpg)
4. Mutations may be fatal as they could alter your proteins. Tay-Sachs is a disease caused by mutations in the DNA sequence. In most cases, it effects the infant at age 3-6 months. Destroying their nerves in their brain and spinal cord, the infants start to lose the ability to move. Most die early in their childhood.
2. A substitution is a type of mutation that changes one base for another. These are the least damaging because it only effects that one base and the codon. Frameshift mutations are deletion or insertions of a base in a sequence. For example, an insertion to ACG would be ACCG. A deletion to ACG would be AC. They cause the greatest damage because they alter the entire sequence after it. Furthermore, frameshift mutations in the beginning of the sequence are the most fatal because they alter more of the sequence than later mutations.
3. I chose the insertion as my mutation because it's a frameshift mutation, and I stated before, I believe those are the most fatal. The earlier the mutation is in the sequence, the more damaging. The only exception is that if the mutation affects the stop codon.
4. Mutations may be fatal as they could alter your proteins. Tay-Sachs is a disease caused by mutations in the DNA sequence. In most cases, it effects the infant at age 3-6 months. Destroying their nerves in their brain and spinal cord, the infants start to lose the ability to move. Most die early in their childhood.
The red spot seen on the retina in tay-sach disease patients
Works Cited
N.d. Wikimedia Commons. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 12 Dec. 2016. <https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:0328_Transcription-translation_Summary.jpg>.
N.d. Wikimedia Commons. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 12 Dec. 2016. <https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:RNA-codons-aminoacids.svg>.
N.d. Wikimedia Commons. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 14 Dec. 2016. <https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Frameshift_duplication_(13062836963).jpg>.
Tay-Sachs Disease. N.d. Wikipedia. WIkipedia. Web. 14 Dec. 2016. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tay%E2%80%93Sachs_disease>.
Comments
Post a Comment